Infusion of Smartphone Technologies in Hospitality Service Experience

This study explored the infusion of smartphone technologies into hospitality service experience from a phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with smartphone users who had firsthand hospitality service experience. Data analysis revealed four unique patterns within smartphone-equipped customers’ service experiences: the extended control facilitated by smartphone technologies, the functional gap between mediated and interpersonal services, the infusion of solitude into a communal experience, and the interactions among different service processes. Based on these results, this study developed a conceptual framework of the infusion of smartphone technologies in hospitality service experience. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings were also discussed

TEMPERATURE CYCLING RELIABILITY OF REBALLED AND REWORKED BALL GRID ARRAY PACKAGES IN SNPB AND SAC ASSEMBLY

In recent years, many countries banned the use of lead in select high volume electronic equipment. However, exemptions from lead-free legislation have been granted for certain products, especially those intended for high-reliability applications. Manufacturers with exemption are facing dwindling supply of lead-based components for their products. This change has left many high-reliability electronic equipment manufacturers with the choices of, mixing lead-free components in tin-lead assembly process, converting products to lead-free, or reprocessing lead-free components to comply with the tin-lead assembly process. Reballing has been used for component reclamation, but right now it offers a way to reprocess the ball grid array packages. The reliability of reballed BGA assembly needs to be determined before the implementation. Mixing lead-free ball grid array packages with eutectic tin-lead solder paste bring new challenges to the current electronic industry. The mixed assemblies with long-term reliability need to be investigated. Although rework has been implemented for decades, the impact of multiple rework process on the reliability of lead-free and mixed assemblies is still unknown. Lead-free ball grid array packages with Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder balls were subjected to the reballing process. Ball shear test and cold bump pull test were used to investigate the solder ball attachment strength of the reballed BGAs. Temperature cycling test was used to evaluate the temperature cycling reliability of reballed tin-lead, lead-free and mixed assemblies. The solder ball strength and the temperature cycling reliability of reballed components were independent of the reballing method. The temperature cycling reliability of mixed assemblies was equivalent to that of lead-free assemblies. Microstructure differences in lead-free, mixed and reballed tin-lead assemblies were investigated to explain the temperature cycling reliability results. Lead-free and mixed assemblies were subjected to the rework process. Temperature cycling test was used to evaluate the temperature cycling reliability of reworked assemblies. Cu over-consumption, Cu pad dissolution and thick interfacial intermetallic layer were found in the reworked assemblies. Microstructural investigation and geometry analysis were used to analyze the temperature cycling reliability degradation in the reworked assemblies after multiples rework processes

Network Topologies That Can Achieve Dual Function of Adaptation and Noise Attenuation.

Many signaling systems execute adaptation under circumstances that require noise attenuation. Here, we identify an intrinsic trade-off existing between sensitivity and noise attenuation in the three-node networks. We demonstrate that although fine-tuning timescales in three-node adaptive networks can partially mediate this trade-off in this context, it prolongs adaptation time and imposes unrealistic parameter constraints. By contrast, four-node networks can effectively decouple adaptation and noise attenuation to achieve dual function without a trade-off, provided that these functions are executed sequentially. We illustrate ideas in seven biological examples, including Dictyostelium discoideum chemotaxis and the p53 signaling network and find that adaptive networks are often associated with a noise attenuation module. Our approach may be applicable to finding network design principles for other dual and multiple functions

Noise control and utility: From regulatory network to spatial patterning

Stochasticity (or noise) at cellular and molecular levels has been observed extensively as a universal feature for living systems. However, how living systems deal with noise while performing desirable biological functions remains a major mystery. Regulatory network configurations, such as their topology and timescale, are shown to be critical in attenuating noise, and noise is also found to facilitate cell fate decision. Here we review major recent findings on noise attenuation through regulatory control, the benefit of noise via noise-induced cellular plasticity during developmental patterning, and summarize key principles underlying noise control

IOS–Enabled Control in Mobile Service Partnership - A Case Study

In mobile service partnership (MSP for short), partners’ opportunism has become a serious question which obsessed mobile network operators (MNO for short) and impedes healthy growth of mobile services chain. For loose-coupled interorganizational cooperation partnership, the implementation of formal control is often faced with many challenges. Meanwhile, mobile communication service industry is one of highestlevel IT/IS equipped sector, how IT/IS affects control mechanism in MSP is the main objective of this study. Drawing from a typical case study, we identify what characteristics of MSP are more vulnerable to inclination of opportunism. On the other hand, we report the significant role that interorganizational system (IOS)-enabled process control played in curbing opportunism in MSP from this case. Lastly, we conclude some managerial implication of our study